In Spanish, similar to other languages languages, the choice between formal and informal tone is crucial in professional settings. Knowing when to use each form can greatly impact how you are perceived by colleagues, clients, and superiors.
I once had the pleasure of hearing a man speak on the appropriate uses of language in professional settings, and a quote of his has always stuck with me:
People will forgive you all day long for linguistic errors, but when you don’t meet cultural expectations and norms, you may deeply offend others – often destroying the relationship.
Alvino E. Fantini, Ph.D, School for International Training, Brattleboro, VT
Here’s a guide on when to use formal vs. informal tone in professional settings in Spanish.
First of all, you can achieve a certain level of formal tone by using words that sound more professional. In language circles, we refer to the “level” of speech as “register”. High register terms are maybe more technical in nature, or they may just be more “textbook” language, low register terms sound more informal. For example, consider these word choices outlined below:
| Message | High register | Low register |
| Greeting someone | Hello, how are you? | Hey, what’s up? |
| Communicating need to go to the bathroom | I need to use the restroom | I gotta pee |
Let’s assume that the above description of high register vs low register terms is pretty obvious and self-explanatory. The purpose of this post, however is to look at the use of YOU in Spanish and make sure that we take care to use a professional YOU in Spanish when we are in “high register” language settings. Continue reading for a discussion on how you set formal vs informal tone with your choice of which Spanish YOU that you use.
Here is when you should consider using Formal Tone (Usted):
- Unknown or Distant Colleagues: When addressing someone for the first time or when there is a considerable age or hierarchical difference, it’s best to use the formal “usted” form. This shows respect and professionalism.
- Superiors: Always use the formal “usted” when speaking to superiors, regardless of familiarity. This includes bosses, managers, and senior colleagues.
- Clients and Customers: When interacting with clients or customers, it’s important to maintain a formal tone to show respect for their position. In the healthcare setting, we need to ALWAYS use the Usted form of the verb with adult patients unless and until they invite you to use Tú with them.
- Professional Emails and Correspondence: In written communication, such as emails or letters, the formal “usted” is generally preferred, especially in initial contact or when addressing someone of higher rank.
Informal Tone (Tú):
- Colleagues of the Same Rank: When speaking with colleagues who are of similar rank or age, the informal “tú” is often used to create a more relaxed atmosphere.
- Close Professional Relationships: In some workplaces, particularly in creative industries or startups, colleagues may use the informal “tú” even with superiors if the relationship is close and informal.
- After Establishing Rapport: Once a relationship has been established and both parties are comfortable, it may be appropriate to switch to the informal “tú.” In most cases, it’s usually safest to assume Usted and wait for the other person to invite you to use “tú” with them.
Understanding the nuances of formal and informal language in Spanish can help you navigate professional settings with confidence and respect. Always pay attention to cues from your colleagues and adjust your language accordingly to ensure effective communication. If you don’t pay enough attention to using the correct tone with your patients, you run the risk of offense through not meeting cultural expectations.